Assessment of thermal stability of external enclosing structures and justification of an effective structural solution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54355/tbus/27897338.6.3.2026.0105Keywords:
building structure, thermal stability, hot climate, solar radiation, air spaceAbstract
This paper presents a study of the thermal stability of traditional external enclosing structures in hot climates, taking into account exposure to intense solar radiation. The objects of analysis are a wet facade and a mounted ventilated facade with an air space, widely used in the construction practice of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Calculations were performed for the climatic conditions of Shymkent city using a normative methodology to determine the amplitude of temperature fluctuations on the internal surface of the enclosure. It was found that, when exposed to extreme outdoor temperatures and solar radiation, the actual amplitude of temperature fluctuations exceeds the standard values, which leads to a decrease in thermal stability and an increase in heat gain into the premises. It is shown that the temperature of the external surface of the enclosures can reach 65-72°C, which significantly degrades the performance characteristics of traditional structures. Based on the conducted analysis, the use of the developed adaptive design of the external enclosure with an air space, ensuring increased energy efficiency and thermal stability, is justified. The simulation results showed that in winter, the internal surface temperature increases by 1.5-2.3°C, reducing heat loss by 12-18%. In summer, the external cladding temperature decreases by 3-5 °C, reducing heat gain by 8-14%. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed structural solution and can be used in the design of energy-efficient buildings in hot climates.
Downloads
Metrics
References
M. M. Koebel, J. Wernery, and W. J. Malfait, “Energy in buildings – Policy, materials and solutions,” MRS Energy & Sustainability, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 12, 2017, doi: 10.1557/mre.2017.14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/mre.2017.14
A. M. Gaysin, S. Yu. Samokhodova, A. Yu. Paymetkina, and I. V. Nedoseko, “Comparative Assessment of Specific Heat Losses through Elements of External Walls of Residential Buildings Determined by Different Methods,” Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo, no. 5, pp. 36–39, 2016.
A. E. Saied, C. Maalouf, T. Bejat, and E. Wurtz, “Slab-on-grade thermal bridges: A thermal behavior and solution review,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 257, p. 111770, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111770. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111770
M. Rakhimov, G. Rakhimova, T. Samoilova, and N. Zhangabay, “Effect of heat treatment of expanded polystyrene concrete on its compressive strength,” Technobius, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 0059, 2024, doi: 10.54355/tbus/4.2.2024.0059. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54355/tbus/4.2.2024.0059
N. Mokhtari et al., “Textile as second-skin façade for building envelope retrofitting: a numerical analysis on the comfort, energy and environmental impacts in different European climates,” in Proceedings of Building Simulation 2023: 18th Conference of IBPSA, Toronto, Canada: IBPSA, 2023. doi: 10.26868/25222708.2023.1484. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26868/25222708.2023.1484
X. Zhao et al., “Controlling naturally ventilated double-skin façade to reduce energy consumption in buildings,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 202, p. 114649, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114649
M. Ibañez-Puy, M. Vidaurre-Arbizu, J. A. Sacristán-Fernández, and C. Martín-Gómez, “Opaque Ventilated Façades: Thermal and energy performance review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 79, pp. 180–191, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.059. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.059
N. Zhangabay and A. Oner, “Adaptive Energy-Efficient Wall Envelope Structures of Buildings for the Climatic Conditions of Kazakhstan,” Shymkent, Kazakhstan: M. Auezov South Kazakhstan Research University, 2026, p. 200.
G. Fraisse, K. Johannes, V. Trillat-Berdal, and G. Achard, “The use of a heavy internal wall with a ventilated air gap to store solar energy and improve summer comfort in timber frame houses,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 293–302, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.06.010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.06.010
J. Feng, Z. Lian, and Z. Hou, “An innovation wall model based on interlayer ventilation,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1271–1282, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.08.011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.08.011
R. C. Richman and K. D. Pressnail, “A more sustainable curtain wall system: Analytical modeling of the solar dynamic buffer zone (SDBZ) curtain wall,” Building and Environment, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.01.006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.01.006
K. Gudmundsson, T. Af Klintberg, and O. Söderström, “The drying out capacity of a ventilated internal cavity with a heating cable, analytical model and empirical verification,” Building and Environment, vol. 52, pp. 171–176, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.12.012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.12.012
F. Cubel, A. Mas, J. Vercher, and E. Gil, “Design and construction recommendations for brick enclosures with continuous air chamber,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 36, pp. 151–164, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.128
A. Gagliano, F. Nocera, and S. Aneli, “Thermodynamic analysis of ventilated façades under different wind conditions in summer period,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 122, pp. 131–139, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.04.035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.04.035
E. Elsarrag and Y. Alhorr, “A Novel Integrated Building Energy System for High Performance Façade,” Energy Procedia, vol. 91, pp. 938–944, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.06.260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.06.260
J. Santa Cruz Astorqui and C. Porras-Amores, “Ventilated Façade with double chamber and flow control device,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 149, pp. 471–482, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.04.063. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.04.063
D. Bikas, K. Tsikaloudaki, K. J. Kontoleon, C. Giarma, S. Tsoka, and D. Tsirigoti, “Ventilated Facades: Requirements and Specifications Across Europe,” Procedia Environmental Sciences, vol. 38, pp. 148–154, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.096. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.096
L. Liu, Z. Yu, and H. Zhang, “Simulation study of an innovative ventilated facade utilizing indoor exhaust air,” Energy Procedia, vol. 121, pp. 126–133, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.009
M. Juaristi, T. Gómez-Acebo, and A. Monge-Barrio, “Qualitative analysis of promising materials and technologies for the design and evaluation of Climate Adaptive Opaque Façades,” Building and Environment, vol. 144, pp. 482–501, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.08.028. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.08.028
M. I. Nizovtsev, V. N. Letushko, V. Yu. Borodulin, and A. N. Sterlyagov, “Experimental studies of the thermo and humidity state of a new building facade insulation system based on panels with ventilated channels,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 206, p. 109607, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109607
A. Gagliano and S. Aneli, “Analysis of the energy performance of an Opaque Ventilated Façade under winter and summer weather conditions,” Solar Energy, vol. 205, pp. 531–544, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.05.078. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.05.078
A. Karanafti and T. Theodosiou, “Summer thermal performance analysis of an Opaque ventilated Façade operating under the dynamic insulation principle,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 312, p. 114193, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114193
N. Zhangabay, A. Oner, M. Rakhimov, T. Tursunkululy, and U. Abdikerova, “Thermal Performance Evaluation of a Retrofitted Building with Adaptive Composite Energy-Saving Facade Systems,” Energies, vol. 18, no. 6, p. 1402, 2025, doi: 10.3390/en18061402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061402
“SP RK 2.04-01-2017 Building Climatology,” Astana, Kazakhstan: KazNIISA, 2017, p. 43.
“SP RK 2.04-107-2022 Design of Thermal Protection of Buildings,” Astana, Kazakhstan: KazNIISA, 2022, p. 140.
N. Zhangabay, A. Zhangabay, A. Utelbayeva, T. Tursunkululy, R. Zakaria, and S. Bakhbergen, “Full-Scale Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Solar Radiation on the Thermal Behavior of Ventilated Façade Envelope Systems Under Hot Climate Conditions,” Buildings, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 122, 2025, doi: 10.3390/buildings16010122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16010122
N. Zh. Zhangabay, A. I. Giyasov, A. Zh. Zhangabay, A. S. Kolesnikov, and A. B. Utelbayeva, “Modeling of an engineering method for calculating the thermal stability of walls with a shielded external surface,” Construction materials and products, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 6–6, 2026, doi: 10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-2-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-2-6
N. Zhangabay, A. Oner, U. Ibraimova, M. N. M. Ibrahim, T. Tursunkululy, and A. Utelbayeva, “Assessment and Numerical Modeling of the Thermophysical Efficiency of Newly Developed Adaptive Building Envelopes Under Variable Climatic Impacts,” Buildings, vol. 16, no. 2, p. 366, 2026, doi: 10.3390/buildings16020366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16020366
N. Zh. Zhangabay, A. K. Oner, M. N. M. Ibrahim, U. B. Ibraimova, A. S. Kolesnikov, and T. Tursunkululy, “Experimental evaluation of the thermophysical performance of an adaptive composite wall system under dynamic climatic conditions,” Construction materials and products, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 8–8, 2026, doi: 10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2026-9-1-8
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurlan Zhangabay, Sultan Bakhbergen, Arukhan Oner, Akmaral Utelbayeva, Ulzhan Ibraimova
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Funding data
-
Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Grant numbers AP22782896
