The influence of opoka mineral additive on the physico-mechanical properties of gas-ceramics based on low-plasticity clay
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54355/tbus/5.3.2025.0086Keywords:
low-plasticity clay, siliceous rock (opoka), gas-ceramics, foaming agent, bulk density, compressive strength, thermal conductivity coefficient, thermal insulationAbstract
The article presents the results of scientific and experimental research on the development of highly porous gas-ceramics based on low-plasticity clay from the Rubezhinsk deposit. As a mineral additive, highly dispersed microporous siliceous rock-opoka from the Taskala deposit was used. Opoka is a lightweight, hard, microporous rock characterized by high natural porosity (55-60%) and a density of 1.3-1.5 g/cm³. Hydrogen peroxide, chemically composed of H₂O₂ (perhydrol), was employed as the foaming agent. The raw clay material contains 68% SiO₂, 11.8% Al₂O₃, 3.6% Fe₂O₃, and 5.6% CaO, and is classified as low-plasticity with a plasticity index of 6.5%. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the clay is predominantly composed of quartz, feldspar, calcite, and hematite, while the opoka consists primarily of amorphous silica. Experimental studies demonstrated that introducing 10-30% finely ground opoka into the clay slip reduces sedimentation of molded samples during drying from 12% (without additive) to 4% (at 30% opoka), thereby decreasing shrinkage and accelerating structural strength development by 10-15%. The resulting gas-ceramic samples exhibited average densities ranging from 565 to 785 kg/m³, compressive strength between 2.5 and 3.8 MPa, total porosity from 68.4% to 75.2%, and thermal conductivity values of 0.18–0.24 W/m·°C. These results indicate that the use of siliceous opoka significantly improves the performance characteristics of porous ceramics. Thus, the developed gas-ceramic materials combine low density, enhanced strength, and low thermal conductivity, making them suitable for use as effective structural-thermal insulation components in building envelope systems, particularly for the northern regions of Kazakhstan.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Y.-D. Sun et al., “A machine learning-assisted method for evaluating the strength of silty clay solidified with industrial waste under freeze-thaw cycles,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 493, p. 143070, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143070. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143070
H. Zeng, X. Zhang, X. Lan, Y. Yin, and X. Chang, “Effect of sepiolite as a new greener additive on the microstructure and nanomechanical properties of cement-based materials,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 491, p. 142780, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142780. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142780
I. M. Da Silva Parente, G. P. Lyra, C. Bueno, F. G. Tonin, and J. A. Rossignolo, “Holistic evaluation of ceramic clay properties with Sargassum spp. ash replacement,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 435, p. 136680, July 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136680. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136680
Q. Zhang, Z. Lu, S. Wang, X. Yu, and W. Chen, “Utilisation of biomass ash after high-temperature treatment for strengthening purple soil under various curing conditions,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 435, p. 136806, July 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136806. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136806
A. Parhizkar, A. Nazarpour, and N. Khayat, “Investigation of geotechnical and microstructure characteristics of gypsum soil using ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash, and lime,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 418, p. 135358, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135358
E. Gedik and A. Atmaca, “An experimental study investigating the effects of bentonite clay on mechanical and thermal properties of concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 383, p. 131279, June 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131279
S. Ruan, S. Liang, G. Kastiukas, W. Zhu, and X. Zhou, “Solidification of waste excavation clay using reactive magnesia, quicklime, sodium carbonate and early-age oven curing,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 258, p. 120333, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120333
Z. Li et al., “Critical secondary resource for porous ceramics: A review on recycling of inorganic solid wastes,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol. 44, no. 15, p. 116781, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.116781. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.116781
N. Santra and N. Kayal, “Preparation of high performance porous SiC ceramic membrane support using zeolite and alumina as sintering additives,” Materials Science and Engineering: B, vol. 303, p. 117311, May 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.mseb.2024.117311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2024.117311
L. Han et al., “Preparation of closed pore structure of fully waste-based foam glass-ceramic for thermal insulation from waste granite, glass and marble,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 36, pp. 8337–8350, May 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.05.025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.05.025
B. V. Talpa, V. D. Kotlyar, and U. V. Terehina, “Evaluation of siliceous opokovid rocks for the production of ceramic bricks,” Ceramic building materials, pp. 20–22, 2010.
“Features of clay opok as a raw material for wall ceramics - topic of scientific article on energy and environmental management.” Accessed: July 13, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-glinistyh-opok-kak-syrya-dlya-stenovoy-keramiki-1
V. D. Kotlyar, “Opoki - a promising raw material for wall ceramics,” Building materials monthly scientific-technical and production journal, vol. 2007.-№ 2.-С. 31-33, no. M.; Stroymaterialy; 1998.
X. Huang, Q. Li, Y. Wu, Y. Gao, Z. Huang, and H. Zhang, “Foam gel-casting preparation of tailings porous ceramics for thermal insulation,” Ceramics International, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.04.119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.04.119
G. Qi et al., “Development and optimization of gradient pore structured porous ceramics: Modeling, properties, and potential for industrial production in thermal insulation engineering,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 486, p. 142017, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142017
Y. Fei, X. Song, L. Du, Y. Wang, and Z. Du, “Study on the sintering mechanism and properties of porous ceramics prepared by silicon carbide abrasive particles with multi-mineral sintering additives and silica sols,” Ceramics International, vol. 48, no. 19, pp. 27324–27333, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.04.326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.04.326
V. F. Zavadskyi and N. B. Putro, “Estimation and regulation of thixotropic properties of clay slurries in the production of porous ceramics.” Collection of scientific papers of SibADI, 2001.
Y. Gao et al., “Solid waste-derived porous ceramics: Unfired foaming preparation and high-temperature thermal and sound insulation,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 516, p. 163964, July 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.163964. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.163964
N. Montayeva, S. Montayev, A. Taudaeva, M. Ryskaliev, and S. Zharylgapov, “The use of therapeutic and heat-insulating properties of siliceous gaize in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan,” PEN, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 81, Sept. 2021, doi: 10.21533/pen.v9i4.2301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21533/pen.v9i4.2301
S. Montayev, N. Montayeva, A. Taudaeva, M. Ryskaliyev, and S. Zharylgapov, “Investigation of the Compositional Raw Mixtures for Preparation of the Sintered Microporous Material and Mineral Feed Additives,” Evergreen, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1296–1306, Sept. 2023, doi: 10.5109/7151675. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5109/7151675
“Radiometric mineral identifier, Geological portal GeoKniga.” Accessed: July 13, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.geokniga.org/books/16471
“Methodical instructions for practical exercises for the course ‘Modern methods of physicochemical research’ (X-ray phase analysis).” Accessed: July 13, 2025. [Online]. Available: http://articles.ukgu.kz/kk/node/16392
X. Wang et al., “Preparation of high-quality glass-ceramics entirely derived from fly ash of municipal solid waste incineration and coal enhanced with pressure pretreatment,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 324, p. 129021, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129021
J. Liu, Y. Li, Y. Li, S. Sang, and S. Li, “Effects of pore structure on thermal conductivity and strength of alumina porous ceramics using carbon black as pore-forming agent,” Ceramics International, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 8221–8228, May 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.02.032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.02.032
W. Pabst, T. Uhlířová, E. Gregorová, and A. Wiegmann, “Young’s modulus and thermal conductivity of closed-cell, open-cell and inverse ceramic foams – model-based predictions, cross-property predictions and numerical calculations,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 2570–2578, June 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.01.019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.01.019
X. Huang et al., “Role of waste glass as a fluxing agent in the sintering mechanism of porous ceramic aggregates from aluminium dross,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol. 45, no. 15, p. 117587, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117587. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117587
R. Cui, L. Zhou, Q. Ren, L. Li, and W. Li, “Optimizing porous glass-ceramics fabricated from coal gasification fine slag: Effects of ash composition on structure and properties,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 489, p. 140560, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140560. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140560
L. Han et al., “Preparation of closed pore structure of fully waste-based foam glass-ceramic for thermal insulation from waste granite, glass and marble,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 36, pp. 8337–8350, May 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.05.025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.05.025
S. M. Salman and S. Gharib, “Thermal conductivity of some multicomponent silicate glasses,” Thermochimica Acta, vol. 77, no. 1–3, pp. 227–239, June 1984, doi: 10.1016/0040-6031(84)87062-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(84)87062-8
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Sarsenbek Montayev, Ainur Montayeva
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
