Experimental demonstration of tunable electromagnetic localization in varactor-integrated anisotropic metamaterials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54355/tbusphys/30070147.4.3.2026.0058Keywords:
electromagnetic wave localization, anisotropic metamaterials, physics-informed digital twin, voltage-tunable resonators, near-field enhancement, effective electromagnetic parameters, microwave metamaterialsAbstract
The dynamic manipulation of electromagnetic wave localization is essential for the development of next-generation adaptive microwave and photonic devices. This study presents a physics-informed digital twin for investigating resonance evolution and electromagnetic energy localization in voltage-tunable anisotropic metamaterials. The proposed computational framework integrates parametric geometry generation, full-wave electromagnetic simulations, equivalent-circuit modeling, constitutive-parameter retrieval, near-field analysis, and uncertainty quantification into a unified workflow. The influence of structural anisotropy and reverse-bias voltage on the resonance characteristics, effective electromagnetic parameters, and field localization was systematically evaluated over the X-band frequency range. The digital twin predicted a continuous resonance-frequency tuning of approximately 0.40 GHz under voltage control while preserving stable resonant behavior. Increasing the anisotropy coefficient enhanced the normalized peak electric-field intensity by approximately 33.5%, reduced the localization radius by 21.8%, and increased the inverse participation ratio from 0.312 to 0.417, indicating significantly stronger electromagnetic energy confinement. Retrieval of the effective constitutive parameters demonstrated increasingly pronounced dispersive behavior associated with enhanced electric and magnetic resonances. Sensitivity and robustness analyses further confirmed the numerical stability of the computational framework, with coefficients of variation below 3.3% for all principal output parameters. The results reveal that electromagnetic wave localization originates from the cooperative interaction between geometry-induced inductive enhancement and electrically controlled capacitive tuning, providing two complementary mechanisms for resonance manipulation. The proposed digital twin offers a robust computational platform for the virtual design and optimization of tunable metamaterials, reconfigurable metasurfaces, and adaptive microwave devices.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Alexander Afanasyev
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